Distance measurements and origin levels of the coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery by multiple-detector computed tomography angiography.

The aim of this study is to determine vertebral levels of the coeliac trunk, the superior mesenteric artery, and the inferior mesenteric artery originated from the abdominal aorta and to calculate the distance measurements between these arteries and between these arteries and the aortic bifurcation by multidetector computed tomography angiography technique. It was determined that the nine different vertebral levels of the coeliac trunk, the nine different vertebral levels of the superior mesenteric artery, and the eleven different vertebral levels of the inferior mesenteric artery. The distance measurements between the coeliac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, the aortic bifurcation were found significant between female and male. In this study, it was determined more different levels than the levels described in classical anatomy. The preoperative information of these morphological variations can contribute to the reduction of surgical time and perioperative vascular complications especially for anterior lumbar interbody fusion and defining the location of the primary lymphatic drainage site for gastrointestinal malignancies.

Variations in the vascular and biliary structures of the liver: a comprehensive anatomical study.

PURPOSE: Vascular structures of the liver and the bile ducts are crucial during liver transplantation or liver resection surgery. Here, we report on variations in the vascular structures and bile ducts of 200 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographic and multiple-detector computed tomographic data. RESULTS: Michels type 1 was detected in 54% of the patients. The other most common variations were, respectively, Michels type 5 (13%) and type 2 (11%). Unclassified variations were defined as Michels type 11; 5% of patients were in this group. Type 1 variations in the hepatic portal vein were detected in 76% of our study group. Other common variations were type 2 (9%) and type 3 (8.5%). The left and intermediate hepatic veins united to become a single vein and then joined the inferior vena cava in 64% of the patients. The right, intermediate, and left hepatic veins joined the inferior vena cava separately in 36% of the patients. Type A, which represents the classic anatomy of the bile duct, was observed in 51.5% of our patients. Type C1 and type B were detected in 15% and 12% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We describe vascular and biliary variations in the livers of our patients.

An unusual variation of the omohyoid muscle and review of literature.

The omohyoid muscle is important in radical neck dissection, as it is a landmark for this operation. Because it divides the anterior and posterior cervical triangles into smaller triangles and its particular relationship to the large cervical vessels, the presence of an anatomical variation of the omohyoid muscle is important. An unfamiliar muscle was found in the left anterior cervical region of a 57-year-old male cadaver. It was attached at its caudal end to the clavicle and coursed upward to the hyoid bone and a normal omohyoid muscle with its intermediate tendon was lateral to this muscle. Both the muscles joined together near the hyoid bone and both muscles attached to the hyoid bone with the same tendon. According to its origin and insertion, the unfamiliar muscle was considered to be the cleido-hyoideus muscle. In our case report, a variant of infrahyoid muscles is presented. Such an association constitutes an exceedingly rare condition.